Ondansetron Tablets

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Therapeutic Indication

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)
Radiation therapy induced nausea and vomiting
Severe Hyperemesis gravidarum
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Ondansetron

Tablet

Ondansetron is competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist We can use this medication alone or with other medications to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy. It is prevent and treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. It works by blocking body's natural substances serotonin that causes vomiting.

Speciality General Medicine
Tags Antiemetic | Nausea & Vomiting | Chemotherapy Support | Post-operative Care | 5-HT3 Antagonist
Strength
  • 4 mg
  • 8 mg
Packing Size
  • 10 Tablets

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Mechanism

Ondansetron is a highly specific and selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist present in the CTZ, with low affinity for dopamine receptors. This reduces the communication to the vomiting center in the brain and decreases the nausea and vomiting the patient experiences. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with the release of serotonin (5-HT) from enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine, presumably initiating a vomiting reflex through stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors located on vagal afferents. It is thought that ondansetron's antiemetic action is mediated mostly via antagonism of vagal afferents with a minor contribution from antagonism of central receptors.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Rapidly absorbed; oral bioavailability ~60% due to first-pass metabolism
  • Food Effect: Absorption increases slightly with food
  • Distribution: ~70–75% protein binding; wide distribution (Vd ~160 L)
  • Metabolism: Extensive hepatic metabolism via CYP enzymes
  • Half-life: Approximately 3–4 hours
  • Excretion: Mainly excreted in urine as metabolites; ~10% unchanged

Side Effects

  • Headache
  • Constipation
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash

Contraindication

  • Hypersensitivity to Ondansetron
  • Congenital long QT syndrome
  • Concurrent use with Apomorphine

Interaction

  • Apomorphine (severe hypotension)
  • SSRIs (risk of serotonin syndrome)
  • Antiarrhythmics (QT prolongation)
  • Tramadol
  • Phenytoin

Warning and Precautions

  • Monitor ECG in high-risk patients
  • Use cautiously in hepatic impairment
  • Avoid QT prolonging drugs
  • Use in pregnancy only if required